For example, in the header area of the Wellington City Council website, the Search function is located on the same line as the main navigation of the site when viewed on a large screen. ![]() Using varying amounts of whitespace to either unite or separate elements is key to communicating meaningful groupings. Even when including differing shapes within each group, these two groupings are still clear. Whitespace separates the shapes into two distinct grouping through the principle of proximity. The practice of placing related elements close together and separating unrelated elements can be seen almost everywhere in UI design. Proximity is one of the most important grouping principles and can overpower competing visual cues such as similarity of color or shape. UI design heavily relies on proximity and other grouping principles, as correctly interpreting which elements are related is critical to successfully interacting with the interface.ĭefinition: The principle of proximity states that items close together are likely to be perceived as part of the same group - sharing similar functionality or traits. Later, more grouping principles (such as common region) were added to the original Gestalt list. These principles include proximity, similarity, and closure - which are all important in the visual design of digital interfaces. ![]() Gestalt principles were discovered in the first half of the 20th century by Gestalt psychologists, who were trying to make sense of how people visually perceive the world - specifically, how people decide whether certain elements are part of the same group or not.
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